SPEECH/ DIRECT OR INDIRECT NARRATION!! The most demanded topic in the competitive exams is "NARRATION".,,,

Read the sentences.,

First sentence, mr. Sharma said, " i am not going to forgive you".

Second sentence, mr. Sharma said that he was not going to forgive me.

These are the two ways in which we can report what someone says.

DIRECT :- if we use the exact words of the speaker says, is called DIRECT SPEECH.

INDIRECT :- if we report what is being said without quoting the exact words of the speaker, is called indirect speech.

Many changes are done while changing direct into indirect speech,
Here are the changes which are followed,

Note:- everything changes in past tense.

Words which are changed while changing direct into indirect.

DIRECT SPEECH—----—INDIRECT SPEECH
HERE                                THERE
THIS                                  THAT
THESE                               THOSE
NOW                                  THEN
TODAY                               THAT DAY
YESTERDAY                    THE PREVIOUS DAY
LAST NIGHT               THE PREVIOUS NIGHT
LAST MONTH         THE PREVIOUS MONTHS
LAST YEAR              THE PREVIOUS YEAR
TOMORROW           THE NEXT DAY
THE NEXT DAY       THE FOLLOWING DAY
The next month      The following month
The next year           The following year
May                             might
Can                              Could
Will                             Should
Shall                            Should   

Note:- Tenses which are changed while changing the direct into the indirect

1)Present simple  is changed past simple
2)Present continuous - - - - past continuous
3)present perfect--------------past perfect
4)present perfect--------------past perfect
Continuous                            continuous
5)past simple - - - - - - - - - - -past perfect
6)past continuous - - - - - - - past perfect
                                                  Continuous
7) past perfect-----------------same tense is used
8)past perfect------------------same tense is 
Continuous.                                 Used

Direct speech is divided into three parts.

Look at the example,
Ex- she said to him, " i will inform you".

1)(She  said to him) first sentence is called REPORTING SPEECH.

2) (Said or said to) is called REPORTING VERB.

3)(" i will inform you") is called REPORTED SPEECH.

MOSTLY CHANGES ARE FOLLOWED IN REPORTING VERB AND REPORTED SPEECH
Now, the indirect is,
Ex- she told him that she would inform him.

Three basic rules to change direct speech into indirect. 

1) if first person ( I, WE, ME, US, MY, OUR, MYSELF, OURSELVES) are found in reported speech then, it changes with the subject of reporting speech. 

Direct:- she said, " i am singing a song". 

Indirect:- she said that she was singing a song. 

2) if second person ( YOU, YOUR, YOURS, YOURSELF, YOURSELVES ) are found in reported speech then, it changes with the object of reporting speech. 

Direct:- he said to her, " you have done this work". 

Indirect:- he told her that she had done that work. 

3) if the third person ( HE, SHE, IT, HIM, HER, HIS, HERS, ITS, HIMSELF, HERSELF, ITSELF, THEY, THEM, THEIR, THEIRS, THEMSELVES) 

are found in reported speech then, it remain unchanged. 

Direct:- i said, " he will do his work".

Indirect:- i said that he would do his work.

4) if the second person( YOU, YOUR, YOURS, YOURSELF, YOURSELVES) are found in reported speech then, it changes with the object of reporting speech but if  the object is missing then ( EITHER I OR HE)   is Supposed to be there and make indirect speech.

 Look at example 

Direct:- she said, " you can dance on the stage".

Indirect:- she said that i could dance on the stage.

 Here is declaration that  if third person presents itself as a subject then, i is used in the place of you. 

Direct:- i said, " you are taking class". 

Indirect:- i said that he was taking class. 

Here is declaration that  if first person avails itself as a subject then, he is used in the place of you. 

In this blog we learn the changes, formats, and rules while changing direct narration in to indirect narration. 

Note:- in next blog, i will discuss tha special Narrations, their rules and formats. 

I hope, you will share your experiences through your comments 😊